Knowledge Center

A comprehensive guide to the world's leading Down syndrome organisations — from NDSS and NDSC to the Haring Center — explaining what individuals, families, and professionals can gain from each resource.

A comprehensive overview of congenital heart defects in Down syndrome: the most common types including AVSD and Tetralogy of Fallot, and the importance of early diagnosis and surgical intervention.

Practical guidelines for educators on creating a supportive classroom environment for students with Down syndrome: positive communication, social interaction, expressing needs, feelings, choices, and learning rules.

An overview of the dual diagnosis of Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder: early-onset Group One, regression-onset Group Two, and guidance for clinicians and families.

The learning process for individuals with Down syndrome has unique characteristics that require adapted teaching methods. This article reviews the six elements of the learning process and how to address each one to ensure educational success.

A crash course on autism spectrum disorder co-occurring with Down syndrome: terminology, core principles, variable features, the importance of dual diagnosis, prevalence rates, and brain chemistry.

A practical educational guide to understanding and managing unacceptable behaviours in individuals with Down syndrome, covering learned helplessness, task avoidance, wandering, and effective intervention strategies.

This article covers the most common ENT issues in people with Down syndrome, including narrow ear canal, chronic ear infections, hearing loss, sleep apnoea, and sinusitis, with an overview of available treatment options.

This article outlines the key dental and oral health characteristics in people with Down syndrome, including delayed tooth eruption, gum disease, bite problems, and tooth decay, along with essential preventive guidance.

A comprehensive guide to teaching tools and methods for individuals with Down syndrome, covering assessment, IEP, classroom organisation, precision and interactive teaching, learning stages, total communication, and reading and writing strategies.

A comprehensive overview of common blood cell abnormalities in individuals with Down syndrome, covering polycythaemia, thrombocytopaenia, transient myeloproliferative disorder, and leukaemia, along with available treatment options.

A comprehensive overview of endocrine issues in Down syndrome: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, the link to Type 1 diabetes, diagnosis, and treatment.